Stone breakwaters and rubble mound breakwaters dominated coastal protection for decades. Here's how they work, where they fall short, and what's replacing them.

Concrete pontoon breakwaters compete with floating wave attenuators in many marina applications. Here's why floating attenuators consistently win the comparison.

How do wave attenuators compare to riprap? Riprap protects through hard armoring, while wave attenuators absorb energy. Here's the head-to-head comparison.